NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ENHANCED OPTICAL FREE SPECTRAL RANGE THROUGH INTEGRATED FANO-MICRORING CONFIGURATION
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
A numerical analysis of the integrated Fano-microring (IFM) racetrack resonator spectrum was performed to investigate the enhancement of the optical system’s free spectral range (FSR). The FSR is an important optical property which can contribute to the high sensitivity of optical devices. The IFM refers to the combination of Fano resonance produced in the output spectrum through the interaction of Fabry–Perot resonance and circulation resonance. This work focuses on the study of inducing Fano resonance in the microring resonator to optimize the FSR of the system. The results show that the integration of two resonances can produce a Vernier output spectrum, which significantly enhanced the FSR of the system without any need for additional ring waveguides. This work also compared the IFM resonance with the conventional microring resonance. In this simulation, the optimized FSR obtained by the IFM configuration was 266.55 nm, which is five times higher than the conventional microring configuration.
Downloads
Article Details
Licensee MJS, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
References
Bavili, N., Balkan, T., Morova, B., Eryürek, M., Uysallı, Y., Kaya, S., & Kiraz, A. (2020). Highly sensitive optical sensor for hydrogen gas based on a polymer microcylinder ring resonator. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 310, 127806.
Bharti, G. K., & Rakshit, J. K. (2021). Design of all-optical logical mode-switching using micro-ring resonator. Optical Engineering, 60(3), 035103.
Biswas, U., Rakshit, J. K., Das, J., Bharti, G. K., Suthar, B., Amphawan, A., & Najjar, M. (2021). Design of an ultra-compact and highly-sensitive temperature sensor using photonic crystal based single micro-ring resonator and cascaded micro-ring resonator. Silicon, 13(3), 885–892.
Boeck, R., Jaeger, N. A. F., & Chrostowski, L. (2010). Experimental demonstration of the Vernier effect using series-coupled racetrack resonators. 2010 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics, 1–2.
Bogaerts, W., de Heyn, P., van Vaerenbergh, T., de Vos, K., Kumar Selvaraja, S., Claes, T., Dumon, P., Bienstman, P., van Thourhout, D., & Baets, R. (2012). Silicon microring resonators. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 6(1), 47–73.
Chao, C. Y., & Guo, L. J. (2003). Biochemical sensors based on polymer microrings with sharp asymmetrical resonance. Applied Physics Letters, 83(8). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1605261
Chao, C. Y., & Guo, L. J. (2006). Design and optimization of microring resonators in biochemical sensing applications. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24(3), 1395–1402. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2005.863333
Chen, C., Hou, X., & Wang, J. (2021). A Novel Hybrid Plasmonic Resonator with High Quality Factor and Large Free Spectral Range. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3017647
Chen, F., Zhang, H., Sun, L., Li, J., & Yu, C. (2019). Temperature tunable Fano resonance based on ring resonator side coupled with a MIM waveguide. Optics & Laser Technology, 116, 293–299.
Chen, Y., & Qiu, Q. (2021). A novel microring resonator based on multi-Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Optics Communications, 483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126643
GNU Octave. (n.d.). Retrieved July 14, 2022, from https://octave.org/
Gomes, A. D., Bartelt, H., & Frazão, O. (2021). Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments. In Laser and Photonics Reviews (Vol. 15, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202000588
Gu, L., Fang, H., Li, J., Fang, L., Chua, S. J., Zhao, J., & Gan, X. (2019). A compact structure for realizing Lorentzian, Fano, and electromagnetically induced transparency resonance lineshapes in a microring resonator. Nanophotonics, 8(5), 841–848.
Guider, R., Gandolfi, D., Chalyan, T., Pasquardini, L., Samusenko, A., Pederzolli, C., Pucker, G., & Pavesi, L. (2015). Sensitivity and limit of detection of biosensors based on ring resonators. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 6, 99–102.
He, Q., Huo, Y., Guo, Y., Niu, Q., Hao, X., Cui, P., Wang, Y., & Song, M. (2021). Multiple adjustable Fano resonance based on double half ring resonator and its application. Physica Scripta, 96(6), 065504.
Heebner, J., Grover, R., & Ibrahim, T. (2008). Optical microresonator theory. Springer.
Jin, L., Li, M., & He, J. J. (2011). Highly-sensitive silicon-on-insulator sensor based on two cascaded micro-ring resonators with vernier effect. Optics Communications, 284(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.08.035
Kim, K. W., Song, J., Kee, J. S., Liu, Q., Lo, G.-Q., & Park, M. K. (2013). Label-free biosensor based on an electrical tracing-assisted silicon microring resonator with a low-cost broadband source. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 46, 15–21.
Koushik, K. P., & Malathi, S. (2020). Optical micro-ring resonator for detection of carbon dioxide gas. In Emerging Trends in Photonics, Signal Processing and Communication Engineering (pp. 157–161). Springer.
Kumar Bag, S., & Varshney, S. K. (2021). Ultrawide FSR microring racetrack resonator with an integrated Fabry–Perot cavity for refractive index sensing. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 38(5). https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.416454
Li, A., & Bogaerts, W. (2017). An actively controlled silicon ring resonator with a fully tunable Fano resonance. APL Photonics, 2(9), 096101.
Moradi, M., Mohammadi, M., Olyaee, S., & Seifouri, M. (2021). Design and simulation of a fast all-optical modulator based on photonic crystal using ring resonators. Silicon, 1–7.
Noorden, A. F. A., Mohamad, A., Salleh, M. H., Daud, S., Mohamad, S. N., & Ali, J. (2020). Free spectral range analysis of double series microresonator system for all-optical corrosion sensor. Optical Engineering, 59(1), 17106.
Peng, F., Wang, Z., Yuan, G., Guan, L., & Peng, Z. (2018). High-sensitivity refractive index sensing based on Fano resonances in a photonic crystal cavity-coupled microring resonator. IEEE Photonics Journal, 10(2), 1–8.
Schwelb, O. (2007). The nature of spurious mode suppression in extended FSR microring multiplexers. Optics Communications, 271(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.10.053
Seyfari, A. K., Bahadoran, M., & Aghili, A. (2020). Ultra-sensitive pressure sensor using double stage racetrack silicon micro resonator. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 52(9), 1–16.
Seyfari, A. K., Bahadoran, M., & Yupapin, P. (2021). Design and modeling of double Panda-microring resonator as multi-band optical filter. Nano Communication Networks, 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2021.100352
Singh, M. P., Hossain, M., Rakshit, J. K., Bharti, G. K., & Roy, J. N. (2021). Proposal for polarization rotation–based ultrafast all optical switch in ring resonator. Brazilian Journal of Physics, 51(6), 1763–1774.
Song, J. H., Kongnyuy, T. D., de Heyn, P., Lardenois, S., Jansen, R., & Rottenberg, X. (2020). Compact Micro-Ring Resonator using Low-Loss Silicon Waveguide Bends. Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS, 2020-May.
Taufiqurrahman, S., Dicky, G., Estu, T. T., Daud, P., Mahmudin, D., & Anshori, I. (2020). Free spectral range and quality factor enhancement of multi-path optical ring resonator for sensor application. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2256. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0014960
Tian, C., Zhang, H., Li, W., Huang, X., Liu, J., Huang, A., & Xiao, Z. (2020). Temperature sensor of high-sensitivity based on nested ring resonator by Vernier effect. Optik, 204, 164118.
Troia, B., Khokhar, A. Z., Nedeljkovic, M., Penades, J. S., Passaro, V. M. N., & Mashanovich, G. Z. (2014). Cascade-coupled racetrack resonators based on the Vernier effect in the mid-infrared. Optics Express, 22(20), 23990–24003.
Tu, Z., Gao, D., Zhang, M., & Zhang, D. (2017). High-sensitivity complex refractive index sensing based on Fano resonance in the subwavelength grating waveguide micro-ring resonator. Optics Express, 25(17). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.020911
Vollmer, F., & Schwefel, H. G. L. (2014). Taking detection to the limit with optical microcavities: Recent advances presented at the 560. WE Heraeus Seminar. In The European Physical Journal Special Topics (Vol. 223, Issue 10, pp. 1907–1916). Springer.
Wang, G., Dai, T., Jiang, J., Yu, H., Hao, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Jiang, X., & Yang, J. (2017). Slope tunable Fano resonances in asymmetric embedded microring resonators. Journal of Optics (United Kingdom), 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aa51a1
Yi, H., Citrin, D. S., & Zhou, Z. (2010). Highly sensitive silicon microring sensor with sharp asymmetrical resonance. Optics Express, 18(3), 2967–2972.
Zhang, Q., Wen, X., Li, G., Ruan, Q., Wang, J., & Xiong, Q. (2013). Multiple magnetic mode-based Fano resonance in split-ring resonator/disk nanocavities. Acs Nano, 7(12), 11071–11078.
Zhao, G., Zhao, T., Xiao, H., Liu, Z., Liu, G., Yang, J., Ren, Z., Bai, J., & Tian, Y. (2016). Tunable Fano resonances based on microring resonator with feedback coupled waveguide. Optics Express, 24(18), 20187–20195.
Zhu, J., & Lou, J. (2020). High-sensitivity Fano resonance temperature sensor in MIM waveguides coupled with a polydimethylsiloxane-sealed semi-square ring resonator. Results in Physics, 18, 103183.