TISSUE SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) TRANSCRIPTS AND OVEREXPRESSION OF BrCHS IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES OF BOESENBERGIA ROTUNDA.
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Published:
Jun 30, 2020
Keywords:
Boesenbergia rotunda fingerroot chalcone synthase pinocembrin chalcone
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Abstract
Abstract
Fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda) is a monocot plant from Zingiberaceae family, and it has been used as food, spices and herbal remedy for over 2000 years. In some Asian countries, it is commonly consumed as a traditional meal or used as a spice ingredient and traditional medicine. Its ethnomedicinal properties derived from rhizome extracts have broadly drawn attention to further explore its medicinal and health values. Recently, the compounds extracted from its rhizome have been studied, and the findings showed that it posed anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive compounds from rhizome extracts are plant secondary metabolites synthesized from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by a number of enzymes. In most plants, chalcone synthase (CHS) is one of the key enzymes that initiate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In this study, at least four to five copies of BrCHS transcripts were successfully detected and predominantly expressed in a tissue-specific manner (leaves, flowers, rhizomes and cell suspension cultures). Later, BrCHS2 transcript isolated from the rhizomes was chosen to be introduced into B. rotunda cell suspension culture to observe the regulation of transgene expression in the plant pathways.
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Roslan, N. binti, Huy, T. S., Ming, W. S., Khalid, N., & Mohamed, Z. (2020). TISSUE SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) TRANSCRIPTS AND OVEREXPRESSION OF BrCHS IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES OF BOESENBERGIA ROTUNDA. Malaysian Journal of Science, 39(2), 92–110. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no2.6
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Licensee MJS, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
References
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Austin, M. B., & Noel, J. P. (2003). The chalcone synthase superfamily of type III polyketide synthases. Natural Product Reports, 20(1), 79–110.
Ayabe, S., Uchiyama, H., Aoki, T., & Akashi, T. (2010). Plant Phenolics: Phenylpropanoids. Comprehensive Natural Products II, 929–976.
Bhamarapravati, S., Juthapruth, S., Mahachai, W., & Mahady, G. (2006). Antibacterial activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) mansf. and Myristica Fragrans houtt. against helicobacter pylori. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 28(suppl. 1), 157–163.
Chan, K. L., Ho, C. L., Namasivayam, P., & Napis, S. (2007). A simple and rapid method for RNA isolation from plant tissues with high phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. Protocol Exchange, 1. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/protocolexchange/protocols/208
Cheenpracha, S., Karalai, C., Ponglimanont, C., Subhadhirasakul, S., & Tewtrakul, S. (2006). Anti-HIV-1 protease activity of compounds from Boesenbergia pandurata. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 14(6), 1710–1714.
 
Deng, X., Bashandy, H., Ainasoja, M., Kontturi, J., Pietiäinen, M., Laitinen, R. A., … Teeri, T. H. (2014). Functional diversification of duplicated chalcone synthase genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis of Gerbera hybrida. New Phytologist, 201, 1469–1483.
Deng, Y., Li, C., Li, H., & Lu, S. (2018). Identification and characterization of flavonoid biosynthetic enzyme genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza (Lamiaceae). Molecules, 23(6), 1467.
Durbin, M. L., McCaig, B., & Clegg, M. T. (2000). Molecular evolution of the chalcone synthase multigene family in the morning glory genome. Plant Molecular Biology, 42(1), 79–92.
Éva, C., Csóti, I., & Tamás, L. (2008). Agrobacterium-mediated barley transformation. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 52(1), 49–51.
Falcone Ferreyra, M. L., Rius, S. P., & Casati, P. (2012). Flavonoids: biosynthesis, biological functions, and biotechnological applications. Frontiers in plant science, 3, 222.
Faktor, O., Loake, G., Dixon, R. A., & Lamb, C. J. (1997). The G-box and H-box in a 39 bp region of a French bean chalcone synthase promoter constitute a tissue-specific regulatory element. Plant Journal, 11(5), 1105–1113.
Feinbaum, R. L., & Ausubel, F. M. (1992). Transcriptional Regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana Chalcone Synthase Gene. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 8(5), 1985–1992.
Ferrer, J. L., Jez, J. M., Bowman, M. E., Dixon, R. A., & Noel, J. P. (1999). Structure of chalcone synthase and the molecular basis of plant polyketide biosynthesis. Nature Structural Biology, 6(8), 775–784.
Han, Y., Ding, T., Su, B., & Jiang, H. (2016). Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the chalcone synthase family in maize. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(2), 161.
Hernandez-Garcia, C. M., & Finer, J. J. (2014). Identification and validation of promoters and cis-acting regulatory elements. Plant Science, 217–218, 109–119.
Hiei, Y., Ishida, Y., & Komari, T. (2014). Progress of cereal transformation technology mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 1–11.
Jez, J. M., Bowman, M. E., & Noel, J. P. (2002). Expanding the biosynthetic repertoire of plant type III polyketide synthases by altering starter molecule specificity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(8), 5319–5324.
Khayat, E., Duvdevani, A., Lahav, E., & Balesteros, B. A. (2004). Somaclonal variation in banana (Musa acuminate cv. Grande Naine): genetic mechanism, frequency and application as a tool for clonal selection. In S. M. Jain & R. Swennen (Eds.), Banana improvement: cellular, molecular biology and induced mutation. Science, 97–109.
Kiat, S.K., Pippen, R., Yusof, R., Ibrahim H., Khalid, N., Rahman, N.A. (2006) Inhibitory activity of cyclohexenyl chalcone derivaties and flavonoids of fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda (L.), towards dengue-2 virus NS3 protease. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 16, 3337−3340.
Kirana, C., Jones, G. P., Record, I. R., & McIntosh, G. H. (2007). Anticancer properties of panduratin A isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata (Zingiberaceae). Journal of Natural Medicines, 61, 131–137.
Komori, T., Takakura, Y., Ueld, J., Kato, N., Ishida, Y., & Hiei, Y. (2008). Binary vectors and super binary vectors. In Methods in Molecular Biology (Vol. 343, pp. 15–42).
Kreuzaler, F., Ragg, H., Fautz, E., Kuhn, D. N., & Hahlbrock, K. (1983). UV-induction of chalcone synthase mRNA in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 80(9), 2591–3.
Lo, C., Coolbaugh, R. C., & Nicholson, R. L. (2002). Molecular characterization and in silico expression analysis of a chalcone synthase gene family in Sorghum bicolor. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 61(3), 179–188.
Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473–497.
O'Leary, N. A., Wright, M. W., Brister, J. R., Ciufo, S., Haddad, D., McVeigh, R., … Pruitt, K. D. (2016). Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation. Nucleic Acids Research, 44(D1), D733–D745.
Rasche, S., Herwartz, D., Schuster, F., Jablonka, N., Weber, A., Fischer, R., & Schillberg, S. (2016). More for less: Improving the biomass yield of a pear cell suspension culture by design of experiments. Scientific Reports, 6, 23371.
Resmi, M.S. & Soniya, E.V. (2012) Molecular cloning and differential expressions of two cDNA encoding Type III polykektide synthase in different tissues of Curcuma longa L. Gene, 491, 278−283.
Reyes, F. C., Sun, B., Guo, H., Gruis, D. F., & Otegui, M. S. (2010). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of maize endosperm as a tool to study endosperm cell biology. Plant Physiology, 153, 624–631.
Roslan, N. D., Tan, C., Ismail, I., & Zainal, Z. (2013). cDNA cloning and expression analysis of the chalcone synthase gene ( CHS ) from Polygonum minus. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(6), 777–783.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring. Harbor Laboratory Press.
Shashank, K., & Abhay, K. (2013). Review Article Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview. The Scientific World Journal, 4(2), 32–48.
Shindo, K., Kato, M., Kinoshita, A., Kobayashi, A., & Koike, Y. (2006). Analysis of antioxidant activities contained in the Boesenbergia pandurata Schult. rhizome. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 70(9), 2281–2284.
Suh, D. Y., Fukuma, K., Kagami, J., Yamazaki, Y., Shibuya, M., Ebizuka, Y., & Sankawa, U. (2000). Identification of amino acid residues important in the cyclization reactions of chalcone and stilbene synthases. The Biochemical Journal, 350 Pt 1(Pt 1), 229–235.
Sun, W., Meng, X., Liang, L., Jiang, W., Huang, Y., He, J., … Wang, L. (2015). Molecular and biochemical analysis of chalcone synthase from freesia hybrid in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. PLoS ONE, 10(3), 1–18.
Tai, D., Tian, J., Zhang, J., Song, T., & Yao, Y. (2014). A Malus crabapple chalcone synthase gene, McCHS, regulates red petal color and flavonoid biosynthesis. PLoS ONE, 9(10), 1–13.
Tewtrakul, S., Subhadhirasakul, S., Karalai, C., Ponglimanont, C., & Cheenpracha, S. (2009). Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds from Kaempferia parviflora and Boesenbergia pandurata. Food Chemistry, 115(2), 534–538.
Trojan, V., Musilová, M., Vyhnánek, T., Klejdus, B., HanáÄek, P., & Havel, L. (2014). Chalcone synthase expression and pigments deposition in wheat with purple and blue colored caryopsis. Journal of Cereal Science, 59(1), 48–55.
Tuteja, J. H., Clough, S. J., Chan, W. C., & Vodkin, L. O. (2004). Tissue-specific gene silencing mediated by a naturally occurring chalcone synthase gene cluster in Glycine max. The Plant Cell, 16(4), 819–835.
Wang, C., Zhi, S., Liu, C., Xu, F., Zhao, A., Wang, X., Tang, X., Li, Z., Huang, P., Yu, M. (2017). Isolation and characterization of a novel chalcone synthase gene family from mulberry. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 115, 07–18.
Wang, Z., Yu, Q., Shen, W., El Mohtar, C. A., Zhao, X., & Gmitter, F. G. Jr. (2018). Functional study of CHS gene family members in citrus revealed a novel CHS gene affecting the production of flavonoids. BMC Plant Biology, 18(1), 189.
Wani, T. A., Pandith, S. A., Gupta, A. P., Chandra, S., Sharma, N., & Lattoo, S. K. (2017). Molecular and functional characterization of two isoforms of chalcone synthase and their expression analysis in relation to flavonoid constituents in Grewia asiatica L. PloS ONE, 12(6), e0179155.
Wannapinpong, S., Srikulnath, K., Thongpan, A., Choowongkomon, K., & Peyachoknagul, S. (2013). Molecular cloning and characterization of theCHS gene family in turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.). Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 24(1), 25–33.
Wong, S. M., Salim, N., Harikrishna, J. A., & Khalid, N. (2013). Highly efficient plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from cell suspension cultures of Boesenbergia rotunda. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant, 49(6), 665–673.
Yusuf, N. A., Suffian, M., Annuar, M., & Khalid, N. (2013). Existence of bioactive flavonoids in rhizomes and plant cell cultures of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. Kulturpfl. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(6), 730–734.
Zhang, W. J., Dewey, R. E., Boss, W., Phillippy, B. Q., & Qu, R. (2013). Enhanced Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiencies in monocot cells is associated with attenuated defense responses. Plant Molecular Biology, 81(3), 273–286.
Anguraj Vadivel, A. K., Krysiak, K., Tian, G., & Dhaubhadel, S. (2018). Genome-wide identification and localization of chalcone synthase family in soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr). BMC Plant Biology, 18(1), 325.
Austin, M. B., & Noel, J. P. (2003). The chalcone synthase superfamily of type III polyketide synthases. Natural Product Reports, 20(1), 79–110.
Ayabe, S., Uchiyama, H., Aoki, T., & Akashi, T. (2010). Plant Phenolics: Phenylpropanoids. Comprehensive Natural Products II, 929–976.
Bhamarapravati, S., Juthapruth, S., Mahachai, W., & Mahady, G. (2006). Antibacterial activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) mansf. and Myristica Fragrans houtt. against helicobacter pylori. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 28(suppl. 1), 157–163.
Chan, K. L., Ho, C. L., Namasivayam, P., & Napis, S. (2007). A simple and rapid method for RNA isolation from plant tissues with high phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. Protocol Exchange, 1. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/protocolexchange/protocols/208
Cheenpracha, S., Karalai, C., Ponglimanont, C., Subhadhirasakul, S., & Tewtrakul, S. (2006). Anti-HIV-1 protease activity of compounds from Boesenbergia pandurata. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 14(6), 1710–1714.
 
Deng, X., Bashandy, H., Ainasoja, M., Kontturi, J., Pietiäinen, M., Laitinen, R. A., … Teeri, T. H. (2014). Functional diversification of duplicated chalcone synthase genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis of Gerbera hybrida. New Phytologist, 201, 1469–1483.
Deng, Y., Li, C., Li, H., & Lu, S. (2018). Identification and characterization of flavonoid biosynthetic enzyme genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza (Lamiaceae). Molecules, 23(6), 1467.
Durbin, M. L., McCaig, B., & Clegg, M. T. (2000). Molecular evolution of the chalcone synthase multigene family in the morning glory genome. Plant Molecular Biology, 42(1), 79–92.
Éva, C., Csóti, I., & Tamás, L. (2008). Agrobacterium-mediated barley transformation. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 52(1), 49–51.
Falcone Ferreyra, M. L., Rius, S. P., & Casati, P. (2012). Flavonoids: biosynthesis, biological functions, and biotechnological applications. Frontiers in plant science, 3, 222.
Faktor, O., Loake, G., Dixon, R. A., & Lamb, C. J. (1997). The G-box and H-box in a 39 bp region of a French bean chalcone synthase promoter constitute a tissue-specific regulatory element. Plant Journal, 11(5), 1105–1113.
Feinbaum, R. L., & Ausubel, F. M. (1992). Transcriptional Regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana Chalcone Synthase Gene. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 8(5), 1985–1992.
Ferrer, J. L., Jez, J. M., Bowman, M. E., Dixon, R. A., & Noel, J. P. (1999). Structure of chalcone synthase and the molecular basis of plant polyketide biosynthesis. Nature Structural Biology, 6(8), 775–784.
Han, Y., Ding, T., Su, B., & Jiang, H. (2016). Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the chalcone synthase family in maize. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(2), 161.
Hernandez-Garcia, C. M., & Finer, J. J. (2014). Identification and validation of promoters and cis-acting regulatory elements. Plant Science, 217–218, 109–119.
Hiei, Y., Ishida, Y., & Komari, T. (2014). Progress of cereal transformation technology mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 1–11.
Jez, J. M., Bowman, M. E., & Noel, J. P. (2002). Expanding the biosynthetic repertoire of plant type III polyketide synthases by altering starter molecule specificity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(8), 5319–5324.
Khayat, E., Duvdevani, A., Lahav, E., & Balesteros, B. A. (2004). Somaclonal variation in banana (Musa acuminate cv. Grande Naine): genetic mechanism, frequency and application as a tool for clonal selection. In S. M. Jain & R. Swennen (Eds.), Banana improvement: cellular, molecular biology and induced mutation. Science, 97–109.
Kiat, S.K., Pippen, R., Yusof, R., Ibrahim H., Khalid, N., Rahman, N.A. (2006) Inhibitory activity of cyclohexenyl chalcone derivaties and flavonoids of fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda (L.), towards dengue-2 virus NS3 protease. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 16, 3337−3340.
Kirana, C., Jones, G. P., Record, I. R., & McIntosh, G. H. (2007). Anticancer properties of panduratin A isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata (Zingiberaceae). Journal of Natural Medicines, 61, 131–137.
Komori, T., Takakura, Y., Ueld, J., Kato, N., Ishida, Y., & Hiei, Y. (2008). Binary vectors and super binary vectors. In Methods in Molecular Biology (Vol. 343, pp. 15–42).
Kreuzaler, F., Ragg, H., Fautz, E., Kuhn, D. N., & Hahlbrock, K. (1983). UV-induction of chalcone synthase mRNA in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 80(9), 2591–3.
Lo, C., Coolbaugh, R. C., & Nicholson, R. L. (2002). Molecular characterization and in silico expression analysis of a chalcone synthase gene family in Sorghum bicolor. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 61(3), 179–188.
Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473–497.
O'Leary, N. A., Wright, M. W., Brister, J. R., Ciufo, S., Haddad, D., McVeigh, R., … Pruitt, K. D. (2016). Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation. Nucleic Acids Research, 44(D1), D733–D745.
Rasche, S., Herwartz, D., Schuster, F., Jablonka, N., Weber, A., Fischer, R., & Schillberg, S. (2016). More for less: Improving the biomass yield of a pear cell suspension culture by design of experiments. Scientific Reports, 6, 23371.
Resmi, M.S. & Soniya, E.V. (2012) Molecular cloning and differential expressions of two cDNA encoding Type III polykektide synthase in different tissues of Curcuma longa L. Gene, 491, 278−283.
Reyes, F. C., Sun, B., Guo, H., Gruis, D. F., & Otegui, M. S. (2010). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of maize endosperm as a tool to study endosperm cell biology. Plant Physiology, 153, 624–631.
Roslan, N. D., Tan, C., Ismail, I., & Zainal, Z. (2013). cDNA cloning and expression analysis of the chalcone synthase gene ( CHS ) from Polygonum minus. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(6), 777–783.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring. Harbor Laboratory Press.
Shashank, K., & Abhay, K. (2013). Review Article Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview. The Scientific World Journal, 4(2), 32–48.
Shindo, K., Kato, M., Kinoshita, A., Kobayashi, A., & Koike, Y. (2006). Analysis of antioxidant activities contained in the Boesenbergia pandurata Schult. rhizome. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 70(9), 2281–2284.
Suh, D. Y., Fukuma, K., Kagami, J., Yamazaki, Y., Shibuya, M., Ebizuka, Y., & Sankawa, U. (2000). Identification of amino acid residues important in the cyclization reactions of chalcone and stilbene synthases. The Biochemical Journal, 350 Pt 1(Pt 1), 229–235.
Sun, W., Meng, X., Liang, L., Jiang, W., Huang, Y., He, J., … Wang, L. (2015). Molecular and biochemical analysis of chalcone synthase from freesia hybrid in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. PLoS ONE, 10(3), 1–18.
Tai, D., Tian, J., Zhang, J., Song, T., & Yao, Y. (2014). A Malus crabapple chalcone synthase gene, McCHS, regulates red petal color and flavonoid biosynthesis. PLoS ONE, 9(10), 1–13.
Tewtrakul, S., Subhadhirasakul, S., Karalai, C., Ponglimanont, C., & Cheenpracha, S. (2009). Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds from Kaempferia parviflora and Boesenbergia pandurata. Food Chemistry, 115(2), 534–538.
Trojan, V., Musilová, M., Vyhnánek, T., Klejdus, B., HanáÄek, P., & Havel, L. (2014). Chalcone synthase expression and pigments deposition in wheat with purple and blue colored caryopsis. Journal of Cereal Science, 59(1), 48–55.
Tuteja, J. H., Clough, S. J., Chan, W. C., & Vodkin, L. O. (2004). Tissue-specific gene silencing mediated by a naturally occurring chalcone synthase gene cluster in Glycine max. The Plant Cell, 16(4), 819–835.
Wang, C., Zhi, S., Liu, C., Xu, F., Zhao, A., Wang, X., Tang, X., Li, Z., Huang, P., Yu, M. (2017). Isolation and characterization of a novel chalcone synthase gene family from mulberry. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 115, 07–18.
Wang, Z., Yu, Q., Shen, W., El Mohtar, C. A., Zhao, X., & Gmitter, F. G. Jr. (2018). Functional study of CHS gene family members in citrus revealed a novel CHS gene affecting the production of flavonoids. BMC Plant Biology, 18(1), 189.
Wani, T. A., Pandith, S. A., Gupta, A. P., Chandra, S., Sharma, N., & Lattoo, S. K. (2017). Molecular and functional characterization of two isoforms of chalcone synthase and their expression analysis in relation to flavonoid constituents in Grewia asiatica L. PloS ONE, 12(6), e0179155.
Wannapinpong, S., Srikulnath, K., Thongpan, A., Choowongkomon, K., & Peyachoknagul, S. (2013). Molecular cloning and characterization of theCHS gene family in turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.). Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 24(1), 25–33.
Wong, S. M., Salim, N., Harikrishna, J. A., & Khalid, N. (2013). Highly efficient plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from cell suspension cultures of Boesenbergia rotunda. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant, 49(6), 665–673.
Yusuf, N. A., Suffian, M., Annuar, M., & Khalid, N. (2013). Existence of bioactive flavonoids in rhizomes and plant cell cultures of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. Kulturpfl. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(6), 730–734.
Zhang, W. J., Dewey, R. E., Boss, W., Phillippy, B. Q., & Qu, R. (2013). Enhanced Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiencies in monocot cells is associated with attenuated defense responses. Plant Molecular Biology, 81(3), 273–286.