Nonsurgical and Surgical Approach for Management of Cyclosporine-A and Nifedipine-Induced Gingival Overgrowth

Authors

  • Kodikara Mudiyanselage Chathurika Padma Kumari Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  • Aruni Tilakaratne Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22452/adum.vol31.7

Keywords:

Gingival overgrowth, Drug-Induced, Cyclosporine, Nifedipine, Immunosuppressive medication, calcium channel blockers

Abstract

Gingival overgrowth (GO) is primarily a result of plaque-induced inflammatory process. However, GO is a modified inflammatory response due to predisposing factors such as systemic diseases or medications used by patients. GO is an established side effect related to some medications and hence referred to as medication-induced or drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). Over the past half a century, there has been an increasing trend in reporting of DIGO. The three main groups of predisposing medications for DIGO are anticonvulsants, immune-suppressants and calcium channel blockers. Among the calcium channel blockers, nifedipine is commonly used in the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Immunosuppressive medication, cyclosporine-A is often prescribed for patients receiving organ trans­plants. When these predisposing medications are pre­scribed singly or in combination, there is an increased risk of DIGO as a clinical manifestation. A definitive diagnosis is important in the successful management of such patients. Timely diagnosis and effective dental care oriented for preventive and early therapeutic interventions would help in preventing serious complications with functional, aesthetic and systemic implications for the patient. Close collaboration with the medical and dental teams would invariably support the notion of integrated care tailored for specific treatment needs identified in these patients.

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Published

2024-09-25

Issue

Vol. 31 (2024)

Section

Case Report

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