Asseri, Ahmed Ibrahim, and Faisal @ Ahamad Faisal Abdul Hamid. “The Motives of the Crusades from The Perspective of Morad Hoffman”. Al-Muqaddimah: Online Journal of Islamic History and Civilization 5, no. 2 (December 7, 2017): 79–84. Accessed November 1, 2024. https://ijie.um.edu.my/index.php/MUQADDIMAH/article/view/15671.