IN WITH THE OLD: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN HERITAGE MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED MALAYSIAN TOURIST SITES
Article Sidebar
Published:
Dec 30, 2019
Main Article Content
Abstract
Rather than replacing the aged with the brand new, lifestyle producers and consumers are embracing a vintage revival. The rejuvenation of pre-war buildings as tourist attractions have become a recent trend, especially in Petaling Street, a major historical site in the heart of Malaysia’s capital city, Kuala Lumpur. However, there is a lack of study on the existing forms of community participation in heritage management among historical tourist sites in Kuala Lumpur. My study addressed this issue through ethnographic fieldwork in Petaling Street’s Chinatown, combining participant observation which included site visits, photo-ethnography, and interviews. Surveys, library research, and content analyses were also conducted to supplement this research as part of my overall FRGS project. My study found that in Petaling Street, there are two forms of cultural heritage preservation - firstly, the adaptive reuse of historical buildings; and secondly – the continued use of a historical building. The former consists of heritage-style hipster cafes and locales; while the latter is manifested in the sustenance of a Chinese clan association, Chan See Shu Yuen Kuala Lumpur and Selangor (CSSYKL). The former has been rejuvenated to feed a hipster aesthetic as well as to attract tourists from around the world. Meanwhile, CSSYKL is made up not only of tangible cultural heritage through its century-old building, but also organic intangible cultural heritage which is its Cantonese clan association membership and its practices. Thus, it is apparent that the Asian-based community participation approach to cultural heritage preservation functions in two ways - first, the preservation of tangible and intangible forms of cultural heritage for the benefit of clan association members as well as for tourism purposes; and secondly to fulfil market demand.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
Section
Articles
JATI PUBLICATION ETHICS & PUBLICATION MALPRACTICE STATEMENT:
These guidelines are fully consistent with the COPE Principles of Transparency and Best Practice Guidelines and the COPE Code of Conduct (https://publicationethics.org).
We encourage the best standards of publication ethics and take all possible principles of transparency and measures against publication malpractices. The Department of Southeast Asian Studies, as the publisher, plays its role of guardianship over all processes of publishing seriously, and we perform our ethical and other tasks.
- General duties and responsibilities of editors
Editors should be accountable for everything published in their journals. This means the editors should strive to meet the needs of readers and authors; constantly improve their journal; have processes in place to assure the quality of the material they publish; champion freedom of expression; maintain the integrity of the academic record; preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards; and always be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions and apologies when needed. In addition to these general duties, the editors accept the obligation to apply best will and practice to cope with the following responsibilities: - Editorial Board
Will generate editorial board from recognized experts in the field. The editor will provide full names and affiliations of the members and updated contact information for the editorial office on the journal webpage. - Duties of Reviewers
Contribution to Editorial Decisions
Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions, and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper. - Duties of Authors
Reporting standards
Authors should follow the format of reporting the original research with accurate data gathered. The author should include sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the work. It is unacceptable if the author performs malpractices in the paper. - Originality and Plagiarism
The authors should ensure that they have produced original articles and must appropriately cite or quote if the authors have used the work and words of others. - Concurrent Publication
It is ethical and acceptable for an author to submit or publish the same research or manuscripts in more than one journal or primary publication. - Acknowledging the Sources
Authors should cite properly publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. - Paper authorship
Those who have contributed significantly to the paper should be named as an author and co-authors. Those who have participated in the aspects of the research should be listed as contributors. All co-authors should have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. - Announcement and Conflicts of Interest
All authors should include the financier or grant giver if the manuscript or research is financed by the research grant or any financial support body. - Errors in published works
The author is responsible for communicating and co-operating with the editor to retract or correct the paper when a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work. - Publication decisions
The editor should decide which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision. - Peer review process
All journal's content (articles) are subjected to a double-blind, peer-review process. Articles are first reviewed by editors and may be rejected because it is not dealing with the subject matter. Articles that are found suitable for review are then sent to two experts who are unknown to each other in the field of the paper.
Reviewers are asked to classify the paper as publishable, with amendments and improvements, or rejected. Reviewer's evaluations usually include what to do with the article. The author then sees the reviewer's comments.
Editors should be ready to justify any important points from the described process. Editors should not reverse decisions on publication. Editors should publish guidance to both authors and reviewers on everything expected of them. This guidance should be regularly updated and referred to or linked to this code. - Fair play
The editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors. Editors' decision to accept or reject a paper for publication should be based only on the paper's importance, originality and clarity, and the study's relevance to the journal's aim. - Digital Archiving
The editor will ensure digital access to the journal content by the University of Malaya Journal depository section at http://jati-dseas.um.edu.my and MyJournal at http://www.myjurnal.my/public/browse-journal-view.php?id=39. - Confidentiality
Editor and any editorial staff must keep confidential all information about the manuscript's submitted and review process to anyone except the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher. - Publication and Submission fee
Authors are freed from submission fees. Authors are required to pay the Article Processing Fee, RM300 or USD80. - Open Access Policy
The journal is freely available online. Authors must agree with this open access policy which enables unrestricted access and reuse of all published articles. The articles are published under the Creative Commons copyright license policy CC-BY. - Reporting standards
Authors of papers should present an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the article. An article should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable. Review and professional publication articles should also be accurate and objective, and editorial 'opinion' works should be identified as such. - Originality and Plagiarism
The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works and if the authors have used the work and words of others, this has been appropriately cited or quoted.
References
Acs, Z.J. & Dana, L. P. (2000). Contrasting two models of wealth redistribution. Small Business Economics, 16, 6374.
Al-Obaidi, K., Wei, S., Ismail, M., & Kam, K. (2017). Sustainable building assessment of colonial shophouses after adaptive reuse in Kuala Lumpur. Buildings, 7(4), 87.
Ariffin, A. B., Zahari, M. S. M., Radzi, S. M., & Kutut, M. Z. (2017). Adaptive reuse of historical buildings and local residents actual visitation. J. Tour. Hosp. Culin. Arts, 9, 35-46.
Azizah Kassim, Too, T., Wong, S. C., & Mahani Zainal Abidin (2014). The management of foreign workers in Malaysia: institutions and governance regime. Managing International Migration for Development in East Asia, Washington, DC: World Bank, 241-262.
Bromley, R. D., Tallon, A. R., & Thomas, C. J. (2005) City centre regeneration through residential development: Contributing to sustainability. Urban Studies, 42(13), 2407-2429.
Bullen, P. A., & Love, P. E. (2011). Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. Structural Survey, 29(5), 411-421.
Chan, R.S.K. (2019). Cities and Culture: The Case for Cultural Heritage Preservation in the Era of Superdiversity. Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences (APSS). 3rd UTM Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference 2019. 1-2 May 2019, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia. http://readersinsight.net/APSS/article/view/586/535
Chan, R.S.K. (2018). Super-diversity and the intersectionality of urban spikiness. Towards Livable, Resilient & Competitive Cities International Conference 2018 (TLRCC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2-3 October 2018.
Chan, R.S.K. (2018). The shape of nationalism in Malaysia: where do we stand? Paper presented at the COSNA 2018. Paper presented and submitted for proceeding publication at the Conference on Strengthening Nationhood 6: (COSNA 6) Regional Building of ASEAN Identity 'Integration the Way Forward', KITA-Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia, 1-2 December 2018.
Chan, R.S.K. (2019). Chan See Shu Yuen: A Cantonese Ancestral Clan in Malaysia as Transnational Social Support Network. XVII International Forum Le Vie Dei Mercanti World Heritage and Legacy Culture, Creativity, Contamination. UNESCO Chair on Landscape, Cultural Heritage, & Territorial Governance; Benecon SCaRL Research Centre. https://www.gangemieditore.com/dettaglio/world-heritage-and-legacy/8432/2, 354-363.
Chan, R.S.K. (forthcoming). Chan See Shu Yuen: The Cantonese Ancestral Clan in Malaysia as Transnational Social Support Network. HSE Social and Education History.
Chan She Shu Yuen Clan Association. (2016). Glory Days Relived: 120 Years of Chan She Shu Yuen. Kuala Lumpur: Chan She Shu Yuen Clan Association.
Chan, S. C. (2003). Interpreting Chinese tradition: a clansmen organisation in Singapore. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, 5(1), 72-90.
Cheng, E. W., Li, A.H.F., & Ma, S.Y. (2013). Resistance, engagement, and heritage conservation by voluntary sector: the case of Penang in Malaysia. Modern Asian Studies, 48(3), 617644.
Ch’ng, C.L.D. (1995). Sukses Bisnis Cina Perantauan. Latar Belakang, Praktek Bisnis dan Jaringan Internasional. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Dysart, H. A. (2006). One Stop Community CenterAdaptive Reuse of a Vacant Wal-Mart. (Theses from the Architecture Program). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/archthesis/26.
Dana, L.P., Etemad, H. & Wright, R.W. (2000). The global reach of symbiotic networks. In Dana, L. P. (Ed.) Global Marketing Co-operation and Networks, 1-16. Binghamton, NY, International Business Press.
Elnokaly, A., & Wong, J. F. (2015). Demystifying vernacular shop houses and contemporary shop houses in Malaysia; a green-shop framework. In Proceedings of the 30th International PLEA conference 2014, 295-303).
Richards, J. (1994). Facadism. London: Routledge.
Guelden, M. (1986). Kuala Lumpur. Singapore: The Times Travel Library.
Ismail, W. H. W. (2016). Young visitors in the city: Their perceptions of heritage buildings. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 234, 470-477.
Jansson, A. (2017). This is not ruin tourism: exploring the spreadable city. Paper given as keynote presentation at the Locating Imagination conference, Rotterdam, NL, 5-7 April 2017.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (2004). Intangible heritage as metacultural production. Museum International, 56(1-2), 52-65.
Lam, S. F. (2004). Insiders Kuala Lumpur. Singapore: Times Editions Marshall Cavendish.
Latham, D. (2000). Creative Re-Use of Buildings. Shaftesbury: Donhead Publishing Ltd.
Le Gallou, A. (2018). From urban exploration to ruin tourism: a geographical analysis of contemporary ruins as new frontiers for urban tourism. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 4(2), 245-260.
Light, I. (1972). Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and Welfare among Chinese, Japanese, and Blacks. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Loewen, J. W. (1971). The Mississippi Chinese: Between Black and White. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mariana Makmur. (2018). The Chinese Clan Associations in Padang: A package of the ethnic tradition and the social-culture change in the era of globalization. Friendly City 4 From Research to Implementation for Better Sustainability IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126.
Mansouri, M., & Ujang, N. (2016). Touristexpectation and satisfaction towards pedestrian networks in the historical district of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Asian Geographer, 33(1), 35-55.
Nagaoka, M. (2015). European and Asian approaches to cultural landscapes management at Borobudur, Indonesia in the 1970s. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(3), 232-249.
Ng, C. K. (2002). An outline of the recent development of clan associations in Singapore. http://www.ihakka.net/DOC/An%20Outline%20of%20the%20Recent%20Development%20o f%20Clan%20Associations%20in%20Singapore%E5%90%B3%E6%8C%AF%E5%BC%B7.doc
Noor Amila, W. A. Z., & Alias, A. (2013). Evaluating stakeholders preferences: reconciling heritage and sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 5(4), 336-349.
Noor Amila, W. A. Z., & Alias, A. (2008). Urban Heritage Conservation Through Redevelopment Strategies: A Case Study Of Kuala Lumpur. In Proceedings of The Center for the Study of Architecture in the Arab Region, 3-6 November 2008, Amman, Jordan.
Orbasli, A. (2009). Re-using existing buildings towards sustainable regeneration. School of Architecture: Place and Culture Identity Group Working Paper. Retrieved from: http://www.aylinorbasli.com/Resources/Reuse%20and%20sustainability%20Orbasli.pdf
Parham, S. (1996). Gastronomic Architecture: The Cafe and Beyond. Architecture Bulletin, (October).
Reed, R. G., & Wilkinson, S. J. (2008). The business case for incorporating sustainability in office buildings: the adaptive reuse of existing buildings. In PRRES 2008: Investing in Sustainable Real Estate Environment: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the Pacific Rim Real Estate Society, 1-18.
Ryan, J., & Silvanto, S. (2009). The World Heritage List: The making and management of a brand. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 5(4), 290-300.
Salleh, N. H., & Ahmad, A. G. (2009). Fire safety management in heritage buildings: The current scenario in Malaysia. In 22nd CIPA Symposium, 4-6.
Said, S. Y., Aksah, H., & Ismail, E. D. (2013). Heritage conservation and regeneration of historic areas in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105, 418-428.
Shamsul A. B. & Athi, S.M. (2013). Ethnicity and identity formation: Colonial knowledge, colonial structures and transition. In M.L. Weiss (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Malaysia, 267-278. Oxford: Routledge.
Smith, M. K. (2015). Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies. London: Routledge.
S. N. Harun. (2011). Heritage building conservation in Malaysia: experience and challenges. The 2nd International Building Control Conference 2011. Procedia Engineering 20 (2011) 41 53.
Sun, W.N. (2005). Media and the Chinese diaspora: community, consumption, and transnational imagination. Journal of Chinese Overseas, 1(1), 65-86.
Tan, C. B. (2018). Deities, Speech Groups and Temples. In Chinese Religion in Malaysia, 30-48. Leiden: Brill.
Toong, Y.S. & Utaberta, N. (2015). Heritage buildings conservation issues of shophouses in Kuala Lumpur Chinatown. In Applied Mechanics and Materials, 747, 60-63. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2016). Culture, Urban Future: Global Report on Culture for Sustainable Urban Development. Paris: UNESCO.
Wilkinson, S., James, K., & Reed, R. (2009). Delivering sustainability through the adaptive reuse of commercial buildings: the Melbourne CBD challenge. In PRRES 2008: Proceedings of the Pacific Rim Real Estate Society 15th Annual Conference, 1-19.
Wong, S. F. (2011). Walkability and community identity in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur. PhD thesis, Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from: https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/36386
Wong, B. (1987). The role of ethnicity in enclave entrepreneurs: a study of the Chinese garment factory in New York City. Human Organization, 66(2), 120-30.
Vertovec, S. (1997). Three meanings of "diaspora", exemplified among South Asian religions. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 6(3), 277-299.
Vertovec, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial studies, 30(6), 1024-1054.
Yacob Omar & Nor Haniza Ishak. (2009). Preventive maintenance management: an approach towards a sustainability of adaptive re-use historical buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. International Engineering Convention, Damascus, Syria, 11-14 May 2009.
Yen, C.H. (1981). Early Chinese clan organizations in Singapore and Malaya, 18191911. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 12(1), 62-91.
Al-Obaidi, K., Wei, S., Ismail, M., & Kam, K. (2017). Sustainable building assessment of colonial shophouses after adaptive reuse in Kuala Lumpur. Buildings, 7(4), 87.
Ariffin, A. B., Zahari, M. S. M., Radzi, S. M., & Kutut, M. Z. (2017). Adaptive reuse of historical buildings and local residents actual visitation. J. Tour. Hosp. Culin. Arts, 9, 35-46.
Azizah Kassim, Too, T., Wong, S. C., & Mahani Zainal Abidin (2014). The management of foreign workers in Malaysia: institutions and governance regime. Managing International Migration for Development in East Asia, Washington, DC: World Bank, 241-262.
Bromley, R. D., Tallon, A. R., & Thomas, C. J. (2005) City centre regeneration through residential development: Contributing to sustainability. Urban Studies, 42(13), 2407-2429.
Bullen, P. A., & Love, P. E. (2011). Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. Structural Survey, 29(5), 411-421.
Chan, R.S.K. (2019). Cities and Culture: The Case for Cultural Heritage Preservation in the Era of Superdiversity. Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences (APSS). 3rd UTM Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference 2019. 1-2 May 2019, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia. http://readersinsight.net/APSS/article/view/586/535
Chan, R.S.K. (2018). Super-diversity and the intersectionality of urban spikiness. Towards Livable, Resilient & Competitive Cities International Conference 2018 (TLRCC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2-3 October 2018.
Chan, R.S.K. (2018). The shape of nationalism in Malaysia: where do we stand? Paper presented at the COSNA 2018. Paper presented and submitted for proceeding publication at the Conference on Strengthening Nationhood 6: (COSNA 6) Regional Building of ASEAN Identity 'Integration the Way Forward', KITA-Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia, 1-2 December 2018.
Chan, R.S.K. (2019). Chan See Shu Yuen: A Cantonese Ancestral Clan in Malaysia as Transnational Social Support Network. XVII International Forum Le Vie Dei Mercanti World Heritage and Legacy Culture, Creativity, Contamination. UNESCO Chair on Landscape, Cultural Heritage, & Territorial Governance; Benecon SCaRL Research Centre. https://www.gangemieditore.com/dettaglio/world-heritage-and-legacy/8432/2, 354-363.
Chan, R.S.K. (forthcoming). Chan See Shu Yuen: The Cantonese Ancestral Clan in Malaysia as Transnational Social Support Network. HSE Social and Education History.
Chan She Shu Yuen Clan Association. (2016). Glory Days Relived: 120 Years of Chan She Shu Yuen. Kuala Lumpur: Chan She Shu Yuen Clan Association.
Chan, S. C. (2003). Interpreting Chinese tradition: a clansmen organisation in Singapore. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, 5(1), 72-90.
Cheng, E. W., Li, A.H.F., & Ma, S.Y. (2013). Resistance, engagement, and heritage conservation by voluntary sector: the case of Penang in Malaysia. Modern Asian Studies, 48(3), 617644.
Ch’ng, C.L.D. (1995). Sukses Bisnis Cina Perantauan. Latar Belakang, Praktek Bisnis dan Jaringan Internasional. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Dysart, H. A. (2006). One Stop Community CenterAdaptive Reuse of a Vacant Wal-Mart. (Theses from the Architecture Program). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/archthesis/26.
Dana, L.P., Etemad, H. & Wright, R.W. (2000). The global reach of symbiotic networks. In Dana, L. P. (Ed.) Global Marketing Co-operation and Networks, 1-16. Binghamton, NY, International Business Press.
Elnokaly, A., & Wong, J. F. (2015). Demystifying vernacular shop houses and contemporary shop houses in Malaysia; a green-shop framework. In Proceedings of the 30th International PLEA conference 2014, 295-303).
Richards, J. (1994). Facadism. London: Routledge.
Guelden, M. (1986). Kuala Lumpur. Singapore: The Times Travel Library.
Ismail, W. H. W. (2016). Young visitors in the city: Their perceptions of heritage buildings. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 234, 470-477.
Jansson, A. (2017). This is not ruin tourism: exploring the spreadable city. Paper given as keynote presentation at the Locating Imagination conference, Rotterdam, NL, 5-7 April 2017.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (2004). Intangible heritage as metacultural production. Museum International, 56(1-2), 52-65.
Lam, S. F. (2004). Insiders Kuala Lumpur. Singapore: Times Editions Marshall Cavendish.
Latham, D. (2000). Creative Re-Use of Buildings. Shaftesbury: Donhead Publishing Ltd.
Le Gallou, A. (2018). From urban exploration to ruin tourism: a geographical analysis of contemporary ruins as new frontiers for urban tourism. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 4(2), 245-260.
Light, I. (1972). Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and Welfare among Chinese, Japanese, and Blacks. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Loewen, J. W. (1971). The Mississippi Chinese: Between Black and White. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mariana Makmur. (2018). The Chinese Clan Associations in Padang: A package of the ethnic tradition and the social-culture change in the era of globalization. Friendly City 4 From Research to Implementation for Better Sustainability IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126.
Mansouri, M., & Ujang, N. (2016). Touristexpectation and satisfaction towards pedestrian networks in the historical district of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Asian Geographer, 33(1), 35-55.
Nagaoka, M. (2015). European and Asian approaches to cultural landscapes management at Borobudur, Indonesia in the 1970s. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(3), 232-249.
Ng, C. K. (2002). An outline of the recent development of clan associations in Singapore. http://www.ihakka.net/DOC/An%20Outline%20of%20the%20Recent%20Development%20o f%20Clan%20Associations%20in%20Singapore%E5%90%B3%E6%8C%AF%E5%BC%B7.doc
Noor Amila, W. A. Z., & Alias, A. (2013). Evaluating stakeholders preferences: reconciling heritage and sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 5(4), 336-349.
Noor Amila, W. A. Z., & Alias, A. (2008). Urban Heritage Conservation Through Redevelopment Strategies: A Case Study Of Kuala Lumpur. In Proceedings of The Center for the Study of Architecture in the Arab Region, 3-6 November 2008, Amman, Jordan.
Orbasli, A. (2009). Re-using existing buildings towards sustainable regeneration. School of Architecture: Place and Culture Identity Group Working Paper. Retrieved from: http://www.aylinorbasli.com/Resources/Reuse%20and%20sustainability%20Orbasli.pdf
Parham, S. (1996). Gastronomic Architecture: The Cafe and Beyond. Architecture Bulletin, (October).
Reed, R. G., & Wilkinson, S. J. (2008). The business case for incorporating sustainability in office buildings: the adaptive reuse of existing buildings. In PRRES 2008: Investing in Sustainable Real Estate Environment: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the Pacific Rim Real Estate Society, 1-18.
Ryan, J., & Silvanto, S. (2009). The World Heritage List: The making and management of a brand. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 5(4), 290-300.
Salleh, N. H., & Ahmad, A. G. (2009). Fire safety management in heritage buildings: The current scenario in Malaysia. In 22nd CIPA Symposium, 4-6.
Said, S. Y., Aksah, H., & Ismail, E. D. (2013). Heritage conservation and regeneration of historic areas in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105, 418-428.
Shamsul A. B. & Athi, S.M. (2013). Ethnicity and identity formation: Colonial knowledge, colonial structures and transition. In M.L. Weiss (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Malaysia, 267-278. Oxford: Routledge.
Smith, M. K. (2015). Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies. London: Routledge.
S. N. Harun. (2011). Heritage building conservation in Malaysia: experience and challenges. The 2nd International Building Control Conference 2011. Procedia Engineering 20 (2011) 41 53.
Sun, W.N. (2005). Media and the Chinese diaspora: community, consumption, and transnational imagination. Journal of Chinese Overseas, 1(1), 65-86.
Tan, C. B. (2018). Deities, Speech Groups and Temples. In Chinese Religion in Malaysia, 30-48. Leiden: Brill.
Toong, Y.S. & Utaberta, N. (2015). Heritage buildings conservation issues of shophouses in Kuala Lumpur Chinatown. In Applied Mechanics and Materials, 747, 60-63. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2016). Culture, Urban Future: Global Report on Culture for Sustainable Urban Development. Paris: UNESCO.
Wilkinson, S., James, K., & Reed, R. (2009). Delivering sustainability through the adaptive reuse of commercial buildings: the Melbourne CBD challenge. In PRRES 2008: Proceedings of the Pacific Rim Real Estate Society 15th Annual Conference, 1-19.
Wong, S. F. (2011). Walkability and community identity in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur. PhD thesis, Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from: https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/36386
Wong, B. (1987). The role of ethnicity in enclave entrepreneurs: a study of the Chinese garment factory in New York City. Human Organization, 66(2), 120-30.
Vertovec, S. (1997). Three meanings of "diaspora", exemplified among South Asian religions. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 6(3), 277-299.
Vertovec, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial studies, 30(6), 1024-1054.
Yacob Omar & Nor Haniza Ishak. (2009). Preventive maintenance management: an approach towards a sustainability of adaptive re-use historical buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. International Engineering Convention, Damascus, Syria, 11-14 May 2009.
Yen, C.H. (1981). Early Chinese clan organizations in Singapore and Malaya, 18191911. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 12(1), 62-91.